| Protein name |
Leghemoglobin |
| Host compatibility |
Komagatella phaffi (Pichia pastoris) |
| Yield |
3.5 g/L (Shao et al., 2022)
|
| Scale (in specific example) |
Pilot scale (Shao et al., 2022)
|
| Biggest scale product has been develloped in this organism |
Industrial scale (Impossible Foods) |
| Regulatory status in Europe |
Production of leghemoglobin is issued as safe for consumption by EFSA, but is not allowed for the use in food yet (Casacuberta et al., 2024)
|
| Regulatory status in other parts of the world |
|
| Companies producing this protein in this organism |
Impossible foods
|
| Extra/remark |
|
| Publications/references |
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Shao, Y., Xue, C., Liu, W., Zuo, S., Wei, P., Huang, L., Lian, J., & Xu, Z. (2022). High-level secretory production of leghemoglobin in Pichia pastoris through enhanced globin expression and heme biosynthesis. Bioresource Technology, 363, 127884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127884
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Jin, Y., He, X., Andoh‐Kumi, K., Fraser, R. Z., Lu, M., & Goodman, R. E. (2017). Evaluating Potential Risks of Food Allergy and Toxicity of Soy Leghemoglobin Expressed in Pichia pastoris. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 62(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201700297
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Ahmad, M. I., Farooq, S., Alhamoud, Y., Li, C., & Zhang, H. (2023). Soy Leghemoglobin: A review of its structure, production, safety aspects, and food applications. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 141, 104199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2023.104199
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Świątek, M., Antosik, A., Kochanowska, D., Jeżowski, P., Smarzyński, K., Tomczak, A., & Kowalczewski, P. Ł. (2023). The potential for the use of leghemoglobin and plant ferritin as sources of iron. Open Life Sciences, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0805
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Wu, H., Sakai, K., Zhang, J., & McClements, D. J. (2024). Plant-based meat analogs: color challenges and coloring agents. Food, Nutrition and Health., 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44403-024-00005-w
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Younes, M., Aquilina, G., Degen, G., Engel, K., Fowler, P., Fernandez, M. J. F., Fürst, P., Gundert‐Remy, U., Gürtler, R., Husøy, T., Manco, M., Mennes, W., Passamonti, S., Moldeus, P., Shah, R., Waalkens‐Berendsen, I., Wright, M., Baviera, J. M. B., Gott, D., . . . Castle, L. (2024). Safety of soy leghemoglobin from genetically modified Komagataella phaffii as a food additive. EFSA Journal, 22(6). https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8822
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Hargrove, M. S., Barry, J. K., Brucker, E. A., Berry, M. B., Phillips, G. N., Olson, J. S., Arredondo-Peter, R., Dean, J. M., Klucas, R. V., & Sarath, G. (1997). Characterization of recombinant soybean leghemoglobin a and apolar distal histidine mutants. Journal of Molecular Biology, 266(5), 1032–1042. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.1996.0833
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